Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol that occurs naturally in fruits such as apples, pears, peaches, and prunes, and is widely used as a low-calorie sweetener in food and pharmaceutical products. It is about 60% as sweet as sucrose but provides fewer calories, making it popular in sugar-free and diet-friendly items like chewing gums, candies, and baked goods. Sorbitol is also used as a humectant and texturizer, helping to retain moisture in foods, cosmetics, and personal care products, thereby extending shelf life and improving texture. In pharmaceuticals, sorbitol is commonly used as a stabilizer, laxative, and excipient in syrups and tablets.
Beyond its role as a sweetener, sorbitol has significant industrial and medical applications. It is used in the production of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and as a raw material in surfactants and resins. In oral care products like toothpaste and mouthwash, sorbitol helps maintain moisture while providing a mild sweetness. Medically, it is sometimes prescribed to relieve constipation due to its osmotic laxative properties, as it draws water into the intestines. While generally recognized as safe, excessive consumption of sorbitol can cause digestive discomfort, including bloating and diarrhea, which highlights the importance of controlled usage in food and therapeutic formulations.
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